CHAPTER ONE
INRODUCTION
From pre-colonial times to the early 21st century, the role and rank of women in Nigeria have grown without interruption.
Years back, in the world summit, world leaders reaffirmed the major role of women in conflict resolution, prevention, and peacebuilding. They made a demand for the full and effective implementation of the Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women and Peace and Security and approved the inter-linkages across growth, peace and security and human rights. This new resolve for integrated approaches to peace-building became a major explanation for the creation of the Peace-building Commission (PBC). In making gender equality the PBC’s only thematic mandate, a new doctrinal imperative was created forensuring systematic attention and resources to advancing gender equality within transitional recovery, reintegration and reconstruction efforts.
Undeniably, the real situation for women in post-conflict situations has grown increasingly to a high degree harsh as the whip of HIV/AIDS gathers and interacts with the effects of poverty, natural disasters and environmental degradation. Presently, women in the period of crisis have little access to services, justice, economicsecurity or citizenship. Delivery to meet basic needs and safeguard fundamental rights is unrepentantly lacking. A recent assessment of the United Nations Development Program’s work in crisis prevention and recovery exposed an exhaustive failure to integrate a gender perspective into the United Nations (UN) system’sapproach to early recovery, movement and reintegration.
Women’s needs are greatest in the justice and security sector reform. Irrespective of the increasing violence against women in time conflict, theirprotection receives less attention than higher profile street crimes, homicides, political corruption, gangs, and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration initiatives. In spite of that, recent attention has been given to the sexual torture as weapons of war. Often times, women’s security is seen as a ‘human rights’ or ‘women’s issue’ rather than a security sector imperative. It is clearly true that in many post-conflict settings, the formal security institutions charged with women’s protection, such as the military, civilian police and even peacekeepers, are most times among the perpetrators of violence against them and fail to serve as accountability institutions to which women can turn for redress and security.
Within and across conflict situations, there are sharp qualities of being inconsistent in the support provided by the international community to women’s machineries and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
In the situation of peace building processes among women in Nigeria, there is an orderly absence of gender expertise, conflicting UN positions on women’s humanrights issues such as a proportional part and emergency reproductive health care, and an under-representation of women in decision-making. In cases where consensus on gender issues had been reached at the early stages of discussions, the implementation stopped by the absence of public support and sufficient resources.
Unequivocally, involving womenin peacebuilding activities is very importantfor a multi-ethnic state, Nigeria and for reconstituting political, legal, cultural and socio-economic and social structures so that they can deliver.
The violence and discrimination against women has been a perennial problem in most West African countries especially Nigeria. This has led to various cases of rape, maltreatment and relegation of women in political, social and religious gatherings. The persistent ethno religious crises in Nigeria have defied almost all methods ranging from military actions to political negotiations, this menace of crises may be as a result of the negligence of women in making inputs to containing violence and ensuring peace in the a multi ethnic society like Nigeria.
The major aim of the study is to examine the impact of women in peace building in a multiethnic state like Nigeria. Other specific objectives of the study include;
H0: There is no significant impact of women in peace building in a multi ethnic state like Nigeria.
H1: There is a significant impact of women in peace building in a multi ethnic state like Nigeria.
H0: the participation of women in peace building in Nigeria is low.
H1: the participation of women in peace building in Nigeria is high.
The study would aim to point out the important the importance of women in achieving and sustaining peace in a multi ethnic state like Nigeria. This study would be of immense important to non-government organizations and government at all levels in ensuring that women are involved in peace building. The study would also benefit scholars, students and researchers who are interested in further developing the subject matter.
The study is on the impact of women in peace building in a multi ethnic state, a case study of Nigeria.
Limitations of the study
Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
ETHNIC: Belonging to or deriving from the cultural, religious, or linguistic traditions of a people or country.
PEACE: a state in which there is no war or fighting
VIOLENCE: physical force used so as to injure, damage, or destroy; extreme roughness of action.
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