CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Soap can be defined as the sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid, made by hydrolyzing fats and oils with caustic alkali (cook 1964). Soap acts as a good cleansing agent in soft water, at an interphase of greasy and water.
In hard water soap reacts with the mague sum and calcium ions to form insoluble precipitate (scum), which lowers the cleansing effect of the soap. This abnormality in soap led to the introduction of synthetic detergent.
Detergents are sodium salts of an acid. They are substance that causes oil or grease to form emulsions in water so that soap acts as a cleansing agent.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The process of soap production using linear alkyl benzene sulphonate is time consuming, and this posed a little problem. Also raw water ials and equipment used in carrying out the production was costly and may be beyond the reach of the average citizens.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The major aim of this research work is to produce soapless detergent of high quality. It is designed to examine the method used in the production of soapless detergent that does not require much money.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
It is hoped that this research work and those carried out will help immensely in the advancement of soap production. The study will provide effective method of producing soap at desired qualities in the market today because soaps and detergents sold in the market today, instead of cleaning materials, they tend to be corrosive to the skin, likewise materials been washed. Either inadequate mixing of substances in their right proportion or adding of one of the cheap ingredients that is corrosive to the skin and fabrics in general may cause this.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
All cleaning agents are soap.
All cleaning agents are not soap.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This project work is limited to the production of soapless detergent.
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