CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
One of the most significant developments in the field of the organization in recent times is the increasing importance given to human resources. More and more attention is being paid into motivational aspects of human personality, particularly the need of self-esteem group belonging and self actualization. This new awakening of humanism and humanization all over the world has infact enlarged the scope of applying principle of personnel management in organizations. The development of people, their competencies and the process developing the total organization are the main concerns of personnel managers.
Extension of organizations in banking sectors face the major problems of professional incompetence and lack of motivation among their employees. Further more, many banking sectors in Nigeria do not have a well defined system of personnel management. Proper planning and management of workers within extensions of organization is essential to increase the capabilities, motivation and over all effectiveness of personnel. Keeping this in view, this research discusses the various dimensions of workers as applicable to extension organizations.
One of the major role of a personnel manager is to recruit, select and place workers at their area of specialty; in other to boost these personnel functions and enable them work effectively, they must be adequately compensated. Comensation being a source of motivation increases the performance of personnel in workplace. Management must first consider what they can reasonably afford to pay their personnel workers and the ramification of their decision; will they affect workers? turnover and productivity. In addition, management play vital role in motivating workers and they solely believe that pay can influence their work ethic and behavior towards their job. Moreover, social, economic, legal and political factor also exert influence on the rate at which personnel managers operate.
It is hereby articulated that the increase of management creating incentives as a source of motivation tends to boost and increase the rate of response of employees in an organization thereby increasing productivity.
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The task facing management in various banking sector in recent times is that of determining what should constitute adequate motivation for the workers. To achieve these objectives,
the environment for the performance of the individuals working in group towards accomplishing common objective must be maintained.
Personnel managers as well as employees are the single most important source in any firm. They are the keys to higher productivity and efficiency. Most managers have discovered that productive work cannot be achieved through command, order or executive fiat. The primary aim of personnel managers is to recruit, select and place were they rightly suit, in order words, improved personnel managers productivity and efficiency depends on individuals motivation that gives them job satisfaction. The themes of motivation suggests that personnels who have a clear sense of their own contribution to their firm and who receive effective feedback from their manager are more likely to experience job satisfaction than those who do not. Achieving goals and being recognized for doing so is intrinsically motivational. The satisfaction a personnel derived from their work varies, some derive satisfaction from their environment, good salary they receive other benefits and oversees training courses made available to them by the management.
Those in banking sector derive their own satisfaction from the nature of their job, car loan, rewards, interaction, training exercise and other benefits they receive from the organization. Motivation has a lot to do on workers emotion, when an individual is not motivated he
cannot put in his best. Motivation they say activates human energy. It is a force which leads people to satisfy their important needs. All human behaviour is directed towards a goal. Individual values and goals differ from organizational goals and values. These values help personnel make judgment and decisions on matters affecting them. Personnel in organization have a number of responsibilities. They are responsible to the organization for doing what they are paid to do which is hiring new workers and administering basic resources like pay and benefits and also responsible for meeting their own needs and protecting their own values.
According to Eli Ginzberg (1982) in his human Economy, workers want to earn enough from their work to meet the needs of their families and to enjoy a rising standard of living. Secondly, they want reasonable assurance that if their performance is satisfactory they can look forward to holding their jobs and to the special benefit which will accrue to them by virtue of their long term with the organizations. They want their job to provide the satisfaction that comes from the meaningful activities of the management. Finally, workers expect that those who supervise and direct them will not infringe on their rights as human beings and as citizens.
Furthermore, Koontz et al (1982) define motivation in a general term applying to the entire class of desired needs, wishes and similar
force. We can look at motivation as involving a chain reaction on wants or goals sought which gives rise to tension, then causing action towards achieving goals, and finally satisfying wants. We can easily note that many physiological needs are stimulated by environmental factor. The smell of food may make one hungry, a high thermometer reading may make us suddenly feeling hot or the sight of a cold drink may cause an overwhelming thirst, who for example, has not had certain physiological needs accentuated by an attractive advertisement.
Udoh E.U. (1999) says that management has a major influence on our perception and needs. The promotion of a colleague may kindle one?s desire for a higher position. A challenging problem may want our desire to accomplish something by solving it. Personnel manager like other categories of workers every where are basically the same. They want more money, training exercise, more motivation accordingly. Even in the banking sector, benefits that management can use in motivating personnel managers include, medical facilities, pension, gratuity plans, vacation leave with pay, and sick benefit with pay, housing subsidy, and transport allowance. If these are the needs and wants of personnel managers everywhere in the banking sector, what type of benefit do managers in the sector provide to satisfy the yearning of their manpower. From the situation of things in the
country, we can see that these fringe benefits are being denied to personnel mangers in most banks in Nigeria. We don?t need anyone to convince us that productivity of personnel managers in such banks is one of the lowest in the sector.
However, the basic focus of this study centers on the role of management in motivating personnel managers in the banking sector. Also the study has to look into things that makes recruiting officers in the banking sector feel satisfied in their work as well as the things management in the banking sector have to do to make sure that their personnel derive satisfaction from their work to boost their productivity, using First Bank, Plc, Okpara Avenue, Enugu State as a case study.
1.2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Motivation of personnel managers in every bank poses some
serious problems to both management and employees themselves and the two have been on entangled midway but research and analysis of the motivation of personnel appears to emphasize the importance of making job challenging and meaningful.
Employees attitude to work depends on the degree of motivation they derive from the job. Satisfaction an individual derives from job varies with age, sex, occupational level, social group and individual
increase in productivity depends on workers input and workers cannot put in much when they are dissatisfied with their work.
In other words, the efforts of managers in motivating personnel manager or human resource managers in most of the banking institutions does not seem to yield expected result, but managers in these banks often consider their immediate corporate financial position to the detriment of effective motivation of the personnel workers and the role played by personnels, forces managers always to take consolation on aggregate return rather than individual rate of returns thereby, getting the wrong evaluation and faulty picture of the impact of the role of personnel managers in motivation. This degree of laxity and limitation constitute the problem of this study which necessitates this research.
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are:
1.4. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research work will be relevant to the managers and
personnel managers of First Bank Nig. Plc. It will also be beneficial to other public sector organization in Nigeria; it will also be of importance to the government, potential and future researchers on the issue of management?s means to motivate personnel workers or related studies on motivation.
This empirical study is also important to the researcher, since it is a partial requirement for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in industrial Relations and Personnel Management. It is hoped that the result of this study would be used by all corporate financial and recruiting organizations involved in banking and personnel services, by way of providing the necessary information and machinery that will be
useful for appropriate decision making and recruitment process in the area of study. It would also guide management of related organizations on policy formulation and even on implementation processes.
This study will also identify how the academic environment would stand to benefit in the direction of having a guide for research work, lectures, seminars and even class work for the study. The professionals would have enough ground for professional advice for client and other related publics. Government will use the result of their study as guiding information for policy formulation and other decision-making.
Finally, the general public and even the personnel managers would benefit from this work by actually knowing what motivation as well as the impact on performance is all about.
1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The researcher formulated the following hypothesis based on the
objectives and problem identified for the purpose of this research
work, stating them in both Null and Alternate forms.
Hi: Motivation has significant impact on workers productivity
Hi: The role of management in motivating workers in the banking sector is significant.
Hi: Provision for advancement would improve workers productivity.
1.7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work focuses particularly on the role of
management in motivating workers in the banking sector. For this reason therefore, the research has consulted with several views on the issues of motivation and workers to include text books on management, Human Resource Management; industrial relations, Newspaper, edits, journals banks etc. The work could be voluminous if all the arguments of different authors are presented, but they have been carefully selected so that only issues particularly concentrating on management?s motivation of workers in banking sector are considered.
1.8. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In the process of conducting this research work on the role of management in motivating workers in the Banking sector,
a lot of factors militated against the study. First was the attitude of the respondents to the researcher, some of the respondents took the researcher to be an agent from external bodies and deliberately refused to answer the questions. This is mostly the case with the senior staff/managers.
Closely associated with this problem is the fact that some of the respondents did not return the questionnaire to the researcher. This is a big limitation to this study since it further reduced the sample of workers in the company used for the study.
Another problem that was encountered was due to shortage of time and financial constraints. The research was faced with financial problem due to transportation involved, printing questions, consulting newspapers etc. also the scarcity of current materials or books imposed serious limitations on the study.
The effect of the national strike which also affected the banks was also a constraint. Finally, the problem of retrieving questionnaire from the respondents, some of whom did not care to complete the questionnaire and so it became necessary to retrieve and redistribute them.
The research would have even cost more if it were to cover all banking sector in the country, thus, the research areas is limited to first Bank Nig. Plc, Okpara Avenue, Enugu State
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