THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA (STUDY OF SELECTED BANKS IN ENUGU METROPOLICS)

INTRODUCTION

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Today’s modern technology brought into use the computer, this technology is the application of science to gathering, recording, processing and communicating of business information by means of electronic media. Most commonest tool for application is the computer and it involves all the transaction processing system management information system various business support system etc. The computer is a central force in the advancement of various organization. The historical development of computer started with Hollerith punched card of

1880,Goerge Alken calculator and Charles Babbage’ creation of the difference engine.

The computer can be defined as a tool or device which is able to accept facts (data) and figure in a prescribed form, apply prescribed processes to data and supply result of the processes in a specified format as a meaningful information. There are also different types of information depending on the make or type of

their functions. The revolution in technology to the computer complements or in the other hand, substitute for ten elements which are: - paper, personal memos, charts, reports, calculators, terminals letter.

Hartzell (2006) defines computer as an electronic machine for processing information automatically and very quickly. The important of computers is the ability to handle vast amount of information and to do other processes with accuracy and speed which cannot be manually undertaken have been recognized and appreciated by financial institutions, hence the trend in the computerized of banking operations.

Tanembaum (2010) sees computer as a machine that can solve problems for people by carrying out instructions given to it.

The American Accounting Association defines accounting as the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgement and decision by users of the information. Accounting is also the establishment, maintenance, collection and analysis of financial position of an

organization and any changes that have occurred or may occur overtime.

Omolehinwe (2009) defines accounting as the collection and recording of financial data about an organization whether in the private or in the public sector and analyzing the data so collected to suit the decision that needs to be taken and reporting the relevant information in a summary form to the user in a form that is meaningful to him or her.

Chionye (2003) defines accounting system as the art of identifying, recording, classifying measuring and interpreting in a significant manner the financial transaction of an organization for decision making. Summarizing from time to time the information contained in the record, for its significant presentation and interpretation to interested parties as an aid to decision making.

Accounting system is also defined as a consistent way of organizing, recording, summarizing and reporting financial transactions.

Computerization is the installation of computers as a part of a process of automation.

Banking in Nigeria has witness impressive development in recent time particularly within the last decade in time with growth in economic activities and complexities, banking service have expanded significantly in size and variety due to increased by computerization of banks.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In spite of the benefit of computer to banking industry and business generally some problem are still left unsolved and new ones have been credited by the use of computer itself problems like;

The use of computer to keep accounting records.

Another problem is the displacement of labour hands in the accounting department and its union implication and the problem of low turnover (volume of operation) and profitability in banks.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.

The objectives of this study are:-

• To determine he relationship between the application of the manual accounting system and the computerized accounting

system in the banking system.

• To find out, whether the effect of computerized accounting system enhances higher turnover (volume of operation) and

profitability in banks.

• To examine the impact of using computer to keep accounting records.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.

To be able to achieve the above purposes, some questions would be asked which help the researcher to gather the necessary information needed, they are:

• Are there any relationship between the manual accounting system and the computerised accounting system in the banking industry?

• Also can computerized accounting system enhance high turnover and profitability in banks?

• Finally, What are the effects of using computers to keep accounting records?

1.5 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

In order to ensure the verification and validation of the primary data gathered through administration of questionnaires. A research hypothesis is formed comprising the null hypothesis (Ho) and the alternative hypothesis (Hi).

Hypothesis One

Ho: - There is no relationship between the application of the

Computer and manual system in the accounting system of banking industry

Hi: - There is a relationship between the application of the

Computer and manual system in the accounting system of the banking industry.